HIGHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY
Higher education  actually has a long history in Turkey. There  were old institutions that performed the duty of of higher education institutions partly. 
With the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic like many other fields higher education gained a democratic and modern feature. During early 1900’s  before the establishment of the Republic  there was only one higher education institution named “İstanbul Darülfünunu’ (İstanbul Academy of Sciences) and some other military and civilian higher education institutions  numbered about 8  all in İstanbul. 
 Development of Higher Education During the Republican Era 
 
Years 1923-24 1970-71 1990-91 1999-2000  
University (Public) 1 8 28 53  
University (Private) - - 1 23  
Academic Staff 307 6.946 33.652 74.044  
Student (Formal) 2.914 74.699 488.959 1.091.805  
Student (Non-formal) - - 260.962 515.583  
Graduates Per Year 321 11.005 88.384 224.358  
 
 
 
The first modern university of Turkey is İstanbul University which was established in 1933. As of today Turkish higher education  with its 71 universities  approximately one and a half million students and over 70 000 academic staff  has a great potential.
Language education  in higher education level  also showed an important development with the establishment of new Republic. The languages of the world began to be taught in many universities. In addition to the languages which were spoken widely in the modern world like English, French, German etc., many historical languages like Sumerian and Hittite are being taught at Turkish universities  for many years. 
Higher education in Turkey is seen as the mean of change scientific and economic development, democratic citizenship and intercultural communication and awareness. Measures are continuing to develop higher education standarts which will contribute to the universities in their attempts to cooperate with their counterparts in the world.
The Number of Turkish Students Studying Abroad (Government Sponsored)
 
COUNTRIES LANGUAGE BACHELOR MA PhD TOTAL
GERMANY -   10 26 36
FRANCE -   27 17 44
UNITED KINGDOM - 2 10 89 101
SWITZERLAND -     1 1
USA - 19 210 557 786
TOTAL - 21 257 690 968
 
 
 
The Number of Turkish Students Studying Abroad (Private)
 
Bachelor MA PhD TOTAL    
14 417 3023 1456 18 796    
 
 
 
Bachelor		 MA PhD GRAND TOTAL    
14 438 3280 2146 19 764    
 
 
 
UNIVERSITIES IN TURKEY
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES    PLACE    DATE OF FOUNDATİON
ABANT İZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY       BOLU  03/07/1992
ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY     AYDIN  03/07/1992
AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY       AFYON  03/07/1992
AKDENİZ UNIVERSITY      ANTALYA   20/07/1982
ANADOLU UNIVERSITY     ESKİŞEHİR       30/11/1973
ANKARA UNIVERSITY    ANKARA    13/06/1946
ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY    ERZURUM    31/05/1957
BALIKESİR UNIVERSITY   BALIKESİR  03/07/1992
BOĞAZİÇİ UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  12/09/1971
CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY   MANİSA  03/07/1992
CUMHURİYET UNIVERSITY     SİVAS 09/02/1974
ÇUKUROVA UNIVERSITY   ADANA  30/11/1973
DİCLE UNIVERSITY    DİYARBAKIR 30/11/1973
DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY   İZMİR   20/07/1982
DUMLUPINAR UNIVERSITY   KÜTAHYA  03/07/1992
EGE UNIVERSITY   İZMİR   27/05/1955
ERCİYES UNIVERSITY    KAYSERİ  18/11/1978
FIRAT UNIVERSITY    ELAZIĞ  11/04/1975
GALATASARAY UNIVERSITY  İSTANBUL  11/06/1994
GAZİ UNIVERSITY   ANKARA 20/07/1982
GAZİANTEP UNIVERSITY        GAZİANTEP 27/06/1987
GAZİOSMANPAŞA UNIVERSITY          TOKAT            03/07/1992
GEBZE UNIVERSITY     KOCAELİ            03/07/1992
HACETTEPE  UNIVERSITY   ANKARA 08/07/1967
HARRAN UNIVERSITY    ŞANLIURFA        03/07/1992
İNÖNÜ UNIVERSITY    MALATYA        03/04/1975
İSTANBUL UNIVERSITY        İSTANBUL            06/06/1933
İSTANBUL TECHNİCAL UNIVERSITY             İSTANBUL  10/02/1944
İZMİR TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE   İZMİR            03/07/1992
KAFKAS UNIVERSITY    KARS          03/07/1992
KAHRAMANMARAŞ UNIVERSITY                     K.MARAŞ 03/07/1992
KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL  UNIVERSITY TRABZON     20/05/1955
KIRIKKALE UNIVERSITY   KIRIKKALE  03/07/1992
KOCAELİ UNIVERSITY    KOCAELİ       03/07/1992
MARMARA UNIVERSITY        İSTANBUL         20/07/1982
MERSİN UNIVERSITY    MERSİN  03/07/1992
MİDDLE EAST TECHNİCAL UNIVERSITY           ANKARA  04/06/1959
MİMAR SİNAN UNIVERSITY   İSTANBUL         20/07/1982
MUĞLA UNIVERSITY            MUĞLA  03/07/1992
MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY    ANTAKYA       03/07/1992
NİĞDE UNIVERSITY      NİĞDE       03/07/1992
ONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY       SAMSUN      11/04/1975
OSMANGAZİ UNIVERSITY      ESKİŞEHİR  18/08/1993
PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY   DENİZLİ  03/07/1992
SAKARYA UNIVERSITY     SAKARYA  03/07/1992
SELÇUK UNIVERSITY     KONYA  11/04/1975
SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL UNIVERSITY         ISPARTA        03/07/1992
TRAKYA UNIVERSITY    EDİRNE  20/07/1982
ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY       BURSA       11/04/1975
YILDIZ TECHNİCAL UNIVERSITY İSTANBUL        20/07/1982
YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNIVERSITY      VAN     20/07/1982
ZONGULDAK KARAELMAS UNIVERSITY ZONGULDAK      03/07/1992
PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
ATILIM UNIVERSITY    ANKARA  09/07/1997
BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY        İSTANBUL  15/01/1998
BAŞKENT UNIVERSITY     ANKARA  14/09/1993
BEYKENT UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  09/07/1997
BİLKENT UNIVERSITY        ANKARA  12/12/1984
ÇAĞ UNIVERSITY    TARSUS   09/07/1997
ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY      ANKARA  09/07/1997
DOĞUŞ UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  09/07/1997
FATİH UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  05/06/1996
HALİÇ UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  15/01/1998
IŞIK UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  05/06/1996
İSTANBUL BİLGİ UNIVERSITY          İSTANBUL  05/06/1996
İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR UNIVERSITY       İSTANBUL  09/07/1997
KADİR HAS UNIVERSITY      İSTANBUL  05/03/1992
KOÇ UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  05/03/1992
MALTEPE UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  09/07/1997
SABANCI UNIVERSITY    İSTANBUL  05/06/1996
YEDİTEPE UNIVERSITY     İSTANBUL  05/06/1996
________________________________________________________________
TOTAL :  71*
 
 
 
 
 
* For internet adresses of all Turkish universities see “http://www.yok.gov.tr”